Richard Nixon Essays - Richard Nixon, Jerry Voorhis, Free Essays

Richard Nixon Essays - Richard Nixon, Jerry Voorhis, Free Essays Richard Nixon Richard Millhouse Nixon, our 37th President of the United States was born on January 9, 1913 on Yorba Linda California. Nixon attended different elementary schools trough out Yorba Linda, Whittier, and Fullerton. In high school Nixon played football, and he also got into debating. After high school Nixon attended Whittier Collage, where he became president of the student body and also won many debating awards. When he graduated Whittier collage in 1934, he received a scholarship to Duke University School of Law. At Duke, Nixon was elected president of the student law association and won election to the Order of the Coif. When he graduated he ranked third in a class of 44 students. After graduating from Duke Nixon was having a hard time finding a job, since the great depression had just ended. He tried to joint the FBI and a law firm in New York. He later returned home and found a job in a small firm. He also meet his future wife Patricia. In January 1942, Nixon joined the Navy as an ensign. Three years later he got promoted to lieutenant commander. Nixon's rise to presidency began in 1936, just after he got out of the navy. He went against democrat Jerry Voorhis, and Nixon won the election after saying that Voorhis was a Communist. As a representative, Nixon worked on the Marshall Plan, and also help write the Taft-Hartley act. In 1948 he was again reelected to the House. Two years later Nixon ran for US Senator against Helen Gahagan Douglas. Nixon won the election by 700,000 votes. In the 1952 election, Richard Nixon was running as Vice President with Dwight D. Eisenhower. There was a dispute over some money, and Nixon was asked to withdraw from the campaign. After a speech he gave, Nixon was once aging in the campaign. Eisenhower and Nixon won the election. Nixon handled the White House's business with very ease, after the President suffered from a stroke. As Vice president Nixon traveled to every single continent except Antarctica, he was booed and stoned by Communist in Peru, in Venezuela his car window got smashed. In 1960, Nixon ran for president against JFK. It was one of the closest elections in history. Nixon lost by 114,673 popular votes. In 1962, Nixon ran for Governor of California and lost to Edmund G. Brown. Nixon once agin g got nominated to run for President. His opponent this time was Hubert H. Humphrey. They both promised to make peace with Vietnam. Richard Nixon won the election and became our 37th President. Nixons main foreign exchange policy was to end the Vietnam war. On 1969 Nixon began holding troops back. In 1972 Nixon blocked Vietnam's food supply from the Soviet Union. Nixon also order their state capital to get bombed. Later congress ordered the bombing to stop. Another foreign exchange policy was to reopen trading with China. China and the United States hadn't trade since 1953 during the Korean war. In 1972 Richard Nixon and Leonid I. Brezhnev, leader of the Soviet Union's Communist party meet and signed a contract to limit the production of nuclear weapons. The Soviet Union also begun to buy wheat from the United States. Among Nixon's domestic plans that failed were, money that should be given to needy families with children, and a plan in which federal government should share tax mone y with state and local governments. Nixon also helped decrease inflation by regulating the rent wages and stop salary increases. Richard Nixons failures include the dramatic inflation rise of 1973. Inflation went up 8.8 %. This was nothing compared to the Watergate scandal. Nixon was accused of holding evidence from court. Apparently the evidence were some tapes of him that could lead to the prosecution of the Watergate break in. Nixon was then impeached. After retiring Nixon spend most of the time paling golf, he also wrote many books, including The Memoirs of Richard Nixon. Nixon was buried with his wife near the house were he was born in. Ronald Reagen was born n February 6, 1911, in Tampico Illinois. Ronald Regain didn't come from a wealthy family, I realize now that we were poor, but I didn't know it at

Introduction to Utility Maximization

Introduction to Utility Maximization As consumers, we make choices every day about what and how much to buy and use. In order to model how consumers make these decisions, economists (reasonably) assume that people make choices that maximize their levels of happiness (i.e. that people are economically rational). Economists even have their own word for happiness: utility: the amount of happiness gained from consuming a good or service This concept of economic utility has some specific properties that are important to keep in mind: sign matters: positive utility numbers (i.e. numbers greater than zero) indicate that consuming a good makes the consumer happier. Conversely, negative utility numbers (i.e. numbers less than zero) indicate that consuming a good makes the consumer less happy. bigger is better: The greater the utility number, the more happiness the consumer receives from consuming an item. (Note that this is consistent with the first point since large negative numbers are smaller, i.e. less than, small negative numbers.) ordinal but not cardinal properties: Utility numbers can be compared, but it doesnt necessarily make sense to perform calculations with them. In other words, while it is the case that a utility of 6 is better than a utility of 3, it is not necessarily the case that a utility of 6 is twice as good as a utility of 3. Similarly, its not necessarily the case that a utility of 2 and a utility of 3 would add to a utility of 5. Economists use this concept of utility to model consumers preferences since it stands to reason that consumers prefer items that give them higher levels of utility. The consumers decision regarding what to consume, therefore, boils down to answering the question What affordable combination of goods and services gives me the most happiness? In the utility maximization model, the affordable part of the question is represented by a budget constraint and the happiness part is represented by what are known as indifference curves. We will examine each of these in turn and then put them together to arrive at the consumers optimal consumption.

Crtical apprisal 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Crtical apprisal 2 - Essay Example LTRA is the main subject of this paper by Currie, et al. This study is focused because it clearly states its target population of concern which is patients with persistent asthma. Secondly it addresses the issue of what physicians turn to when asthma is persistent. Specifically, these are LTRA and LABA. These two play a very important role as they are legally administered and known second line therapy. In the UK, their guidelines state that in the first instance, LABA should be administered as a therapeutic trial. If this is unsuccessful, then this is the time to administer LTRA. Third, outcomes are clearly defined. Physicians give inhaled corticosteroids when a patient is diagnosed with asthma. For persistent symptoms, they choose to introduce LABA. This is known to be more effective than an increase in dosage of the inhaled corticosteroids. Additional therapy with LTRA is presented to be more effective than LABA in its overall efficacy. Only appropriate, related and relevant papers and journals were included in this review article. In fact, in the material and methods section of this paper, the researchers pointed out that they searched for suitable trials with its relevance evident in the title and abstract. This therefore implies that no literature included used LTRA or LABA as a secondary topic. Researchers focusing on these were included and not those that just merely mentioned the two. The data base used MEDLINE Clinical Evidence, Cochrane Library and EMBASE database, are supported by reputable organizations. The research for significant literature also had key guidelines limiting searches to about 11 words. This definitely narrowed down the search and only produced crucial and relevant journals that are directly related to the research topic. A statistical analysis was not used. Certain data from the studies were taken and reviewed. This included the study design,

Health inequalities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health inequalities - Essay Example 49). The U.K. Government’s open commitment to deal with health inequality concerns entailed a structure of detailed policies, strengthened by a tough and motivated objective. The Government focused on the neediest population, with the neediest primary care trusts (PCTs) to get 70% more financial support than the least needy in 2009-10 (DH, Tackling Health Inequalities: 2007 Status Report on the Programme for Action). Between 1995-97 and 2005-07, the average life expectancy for the entire UK populace has notably amplified: the male population with an additional 3.1 years and the females with a further 2.1 years. For the most needy and health-deprived areas, there has been a life expectancy boost of 2.9 years for males and 1.9 years for females. Statistics on infant mortality have remarkably decreased in the last decade with 5.6 infant deaths for every 1,000 live births in 1995–97 to 4.7 mortalities for every 1,000 live births in 2005–07 for all individuals belongi ng to socio-economic groups (DH, Tackling Health Inequalities: 2005–07 Policy and Data Update for the 2010 National Target). Social and Economic Factors Social and economic factors adversely affect the health of British individuals. Health inequalities are caused by quality-of-life factors, such as education, employment position, housing, income, poverty, socio economic class and healthcare access (â€Å"Health Inequalities: A Third Report of Session 2008-09† par. 49). There are two vital insights on the causes of health disparities. First, that socioeconomic status has indirect influence on health through intermediary aspects that take a more direct impact on health. These aspects comprise environmental hazards (poor living and housing conditions, risks incurred at work, road and neighbourhood dangers) and psychosocial elements (uncooperative/unsupportive family relations, or stressful daily living) (Graham 7). Another significant insight is that these intermediary as pects are unevenly dispensed, with the young and adult population living in poor and disadvantaged conditions more vulnerable to multiple health complexities, such as health-unsafe environments and health-harmful behaviours (Barker). Individuals belonging to the higher socioeconomic groups have greater opportunities in employment, comfortable living and housing conditions and better health opportunities than those in the lower group (White et al). Death risks are higher for the poorer groups. The health of individuals in a few marginal cultural communities is poorer than those belonging to the higher class (Diamond). Mortality and life expectancy levels in both social classes show the widening gap brought about by health inequalities (White et al). The Black Report The Black Report, also known as the Report of the Working Group on Inequalities in Health, was published in August 1980.  The report has been influential in maintaining health inequalities at the frontline of UK’ s public health schema. It presented evidences that poor health and death are one-sidedly distributed among the less-inopportune UK population, and implied that these inequities have not weakened but intensified into a more serious problem since the founding of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948. The Black Report made a conclusion that failure of the NHS to address this concern did not cause disparities

American football positions Essay Example for Free

American football positions Essay Football, it is not just a sport or some game. It is my whole life. Every year I have one goal and that is to make it to football season. Playing in each of those games gives a special feeling that no one can get enough of. Winter, Spring, and Summer do not even compare to what Fall is like, not only is it one of the most beautiful times of the year but the most intense, most exciting sport seasons to anyone with a pulse. I prepare for it all year long, doing different sorts of exercises such as running, lifting, jumping rope, and anything that I could think of to help me be the best athlete I could possibly be. No matter how hard someone could prepare for football there is only one thing that will truly make someone the best they could ever be and that my friend is heart. If they do not have heart they will not make it anywhere, not only in football but in life. With heart and dedication there is nothing that cannot be accomplished. Some days I just dream about playing football on the next level. The thrill of just suiting up in that jersey means the world to me. Playing underneath those blinding lights, that lights up the whole field like the sun. There are so many different ways to win games but there are a basic few that will definitely do the trick. Some offense will really put points up on the board to show how good the team is. A whole lot of defense will win the game; it will stop the other team from putting the points up. One of my favorite quotes Offense sells tickets; Defense wins championshipsCoach Paul Bear Bryant Jr. There is always Special Teams too without it there would be no kickoffs, no field goals, and without it the game would not be complete. Morgan 2 The Offense, I would not say it was my favorite thing but I play it to help put points up on the board. There are so many different positions on the offense and over a million different plays and formations. There is the offensive line, which is one of the most rough and intense places I have ever been. There is punching, kicking, and anything to show superiority, if I did not know any better I would think I was fist fighting somewhere in those trenches. There is the running backs and the quarterbacks. They get all of the glory because they are the ones who score the touchdowns. The running backs and the linemen work together to score, one wrong move by one of the linemen and our running back gets tackled. The linemen block the defensive players to stop them from tackling our running back, if we succeed we score. The Defense, my all-time favorite thing, this is where they separate the boys and the men. I love going out and just smashing some people’s helmets in. There are a so many different positions like defensive tackles, cornerbacks, safeties, and my favorite line-backers. No matter where the plan is going there will be someone there to stop them. Like that quote said defense wins championships and that is 100% true without defense it just be a track meet. This is just me but I would rather sack a quarterback than score a touchdown, but some people they are not like that. The one thing that wins and loses games is the special teams. The field goal is one of the most important things in some cases this can win the game. I have seen it send teams into the winner circle and I have seen it send teams down loser lane. There is also kickoffs where every time the team scores they kick it off to the other team. There is a punt when the team does not succeed to make a first down in the four downs they are giving. Morgan 3 All of these things can make or break the team but, the one team that can do each and everything better than the other team will be victorious. If they do not play the best they can always look forward to next week.

The Desert :: essays research papers

The human heart not only supplies life but it also represents feelings and emotions. In the Desert uses intense imagery to paint a vivid picture while also using point of view and symbolism to send a message about human emotion and feelings. Although this poem is brief it contains a very powerful point about the human heart and emotions. This poem appears to be written by a person that has just lost a loved one, although this poem does not seem to be about death. The poem opens with the image of a "naked" beast alone in a "desert". This paints an interesting image in the mind of the reader, but it also has a deeper meaning. This "beast" of a man was deserted and left alone by someone that he was obviously deeply in love with. He has lost all direction and purpose in his life. The author uses the point of view of the speaker to show just how pathetic this creature is. The speaker feels bad for the beast and attempts to speak to it, seemingly out of pity. He even calls the hopeless animal his "friend". This leads me to believe that maybe the creature is just an extension of the speaker, the part of him that cannot let go of an important love. In the Desert is a poem that is symbolic of the way people react when their "hearts are broken". The heart, in this instance, represents love and happiness. When the man loses this love he feels as though his heart has been wrenched from his chest and devoured by a monster (that represents his current emotional state). The man is broken, battered and left to fend for himself. He is also filled with resentment and anger as is made evident by his "bitter-bitter" heart. This whole scenario represents the dependence of man on the love of another and his state of total denial and sadness when it is taken from him. The only beam of hope that I could find in this poem is when the man says that he likes his heart despite its bitterness.

Life without mobile phones Essay

Microeconomics is generally the study of individuals and business decisions, macroeconomics looks at higher up country and government decisions. Macroeconomics and microeconomics, and their wide array of underlying concepts, have been the subject of a great deal of writings. The field of study is vast; here is a brief summary of what each covers: Microeconomics is the study of decisions that people and businesses make regarding the allocation of resources and prices of goods and services. This means also taking into account taxes and regulations created by governments. Microeconomics focuses on supply and demand and other forces that determine the price levels seen in the economy. For example, microeconomics would look at how a specific company could maximize it’s production and capacity so it could lower prices and better compete in its industry. (Find out more about microeconomics in Understanding Microeconomics.) Macroeconomics, on the other hand, is the field of economics that studies the behavior of the economy as a whole and not just on specific companies, but entire industries and economies. This looks at economy-wide phenomena, such as Gross National Product (GDP) and how it is affected by changes in unemployment, national income, rate of growth, and price levels. For example, macroeconomics would look at how an increase/decrease in net exports would affect a nation’s capital account or how GDP would be affected by unemployment rate. (To keep reading on this subject, see Macroeconomic Analysis.) While these two studies of economics appear to be different, they are actually interdependent and complement one another since there are many overlapping issues between the two fields. For example, increased inflation (macro effect) would cause the price of raw materials to increase for companies and in turn affect the end product’s price charged to the public. The bottom line is that microeconomics takes a bottoms-up approach to analyzing the economy while macroeconomics takes a top-down approach. Regardless, both micro- and macroeconomics provide fundamental tools for any finance professional and should be studied together in order to fully  understand how companies operate and earn revenues and thus, how an entire economy is managed and sustained.

Remedial Reading Essay

Introduction One of the most valuable skills a person can acquire is the ability to read well. It is difficult to discover any ability in the school, in the home, in business, or in any other field of endeavor today that does not require reading. People read to get information, to buy things wisely, for recreation, and for a great many other reasons. More reading is being done today than it ever was in the past. According to Smith (1988) reading is an important factor that greatly affects an individuals’ adjustment in life. It is a key to success in school, to the development of out-of school interests, to the enjoyment of leisure time and to the personal and social adjustment. It helps one to adjust to his/her age mates, to become independent from parents and teachers to select and prepare for an occupation and to achieve social responsibilities. Villamin (1999) considers reading as an essential key that unlocks the door to the world of enlightenment and enjoyment and the basic tool for learning in the content field. The absence of reading skill will greatly affect an individual’s adjustment in life. William Gray, known as the father of reading defines reading as a four- step process: perception of the word, comprehension of its meaning, reaction to the meaning in terms of prior knowledge and integration of idea into one’s background of experience. In every chosen field, the proficiency in reading is extremely important because it plays a vital role in achieving success. The ability to read well, leads many students to be competent and be more confident in meeting all the challenges in the field of studies. As defined in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning. It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, and attitude. It is one of the best ways of broadening one’s knowledge and expanding one’s horizon. The ability to read means the ability to comprehend any printed text. Reading skills and ability play a vital role in raising academic performance of every individual specifically the high school students. With the fast pace of life today and the great knowledge explosion, there is so much printed material around us that the ability to read rapidly has become a most important asset. Rapid reading habits enable a student to accomplish more in a comparatively shorter time, to finish the school requirements, and still have time for leisure or recreational reading. But in spite of the proliferation of different printed reading materials, it’s quite distressful to accept the fact that mostly of the students today are still experiencing difficulties in reading. This is evident in their academic performance in school. The development of varied printed materials cannot solely solve the upsetting problems in reading. Department of Education has been applying varied interventions and innovations to respond to these problems, many schools are using the DepEd programs about reading like the Phil-IRI for elementary and SRI for secondary; nevertheless non-readers in many public schools still cannot be eradicated. As a result, performance indicators of many schools are affected. The inability to read by these students may cause drop-outs or failure. A number of struggling readers have been increasing yearly, specifically in public schools. This present scenario is quite alarming thus reading interventions must be given immediate emphasis. One intervention that could be applicable for the existing problem is remedial reading. Reading remediation can be identified as a general process of re-teaching. It can be directed toward each child’s specific needs and inadequacies. Various remedial measures could be used by any educational institution to diagnose factors responsible for reading disabilities and to improve those who are poor or indifferent readers. Villamin enumerates the basic principles or remedial reading. They are as follows; treatment must be based on the understanding of the instructional needs, remedial instruction must be organized, reading process must be made meaningful to the learners, every child’s principle must be considered, reading activities must be encouraging, materials and activities must be suitable to the child’s reading ability. Such principles mentioned, once applied to actual remedial reading instruction might contribute a lot for the success of the program. Background of the Study One of the usual dilemmas of reading teachers in high school is the inability to read and comprehend by the students specifically the grade seven learners. In fact mostly of the public high school English teachers are experiencing this. Some of the learners had been promoted from elementary even they are not proficient in reading and comprehending as well. Same situation is happening in San Cristobal National High School, a school that is located in the remote barrio in San Pablo City. A school that lies beneath the mountains of Mt. Cristobal and Mt. Banahaw where the usual residents’ source of living are farming and hog raising. Due to the barrio’s distant from the city, the former Brgy. Chairman, Gabriel Enabore together with the Brgy. Council prepared an ordinance of establishing a Baragay High School, presented it to the City Mayor for approval and endorsed to the Ministry of Education. Upon approval of the city government through the Ministry of Education, the Barangay High School was established immediately to respond to the immediate needs of the residents in the area. However there were no enough budgets for the purchase of lot and for the construction of the high school building as a result, the high school students were temporarily housed to the elementary school. Mr. Venus Avanzado, a former part-time CAT instructor of the school that time, donated a parcel of his land to be utilized in putting up the high school building. Almost all the parents of the high school students are grateful due to the establishment of the said school; nevertheless, since most of them are not well educated, they are not aware of monitoring the status of their children in school. After 18 years of teaching fourth year students in San Cristobal National High School, the researcher was designated to attend the K-12 training and was also assigned to teach the Grade 7 formerly first year high school students. During the first year of teaching in grade 7, the researcher became quite alarmed of the up growing number of students having difficulty in reading. The former freshman teachers in fact admitted that mostly of the freshmen students can read but without comprehension. These students cannot read within, between and beyond the lines, in short they are considered as struggling readers. As shown in the Secondary Reading Inventory Test (SRI) records, the researcher noted that a number of first year high school students fall under frustration level. For this reason the academic performance of these students declined as proven in the NAT result record. Aside from the NAT records, the academic performance of a number of students in every grading period in English is not increasing due to their difficulties in reading and comprehending as well. This current scenario prompted the researcher to conduct a study to address the needs of the students and the school as well. In the light of these observations, it is out timely to conduct this study to find out some possible variables about remedial reading and its affect on the academic performance of the Grade 7 learners in San Cristobal National High school, San Pablo city for the school year 2013-2014. Theoretical Framework Murray’s Interactive Theory cited by Tejero (2010) postulates that reading is an interaction involving the reader and the text being read. Meaning it is not only in the mind of the person during the reading act nor is it only in the text being read. It is instead the interaction between the text read and the reader’s various sources that determine the amount and type of comprehension that take place. Reading models have been conceptualized in the following; bottom-up, top-down and interactive models. For Gough’s bottom-up model mentioned by Tejero (2010) his essential element is the text rather than what the reader brings to the text. Goodman’s (1985) top-down model cited also by Tejero (2010) focuses attention on the reader. Thus the reader brings information based on past experience. On the other hand, Rumelhart (1985) also cited by Tejero (2010) postulates interactive model which is the combination of bottom-up and top-down views of reading. For him a reader may be top-down if he is reading familiar material and bottom- up when reading unfamiliar information. Other related theories of reading are; The Traditional view, the Cognitive view, the Metacognitive view. In the traditional view of reading, novice readers acquire a set of hierarchically ordered sub-skills that sequentially build toward comprehension ability. McCarthy (2004) has called this view ‘outside-in’ processing; referring to the idea that meaning exists in the printed page and is interpreted by the reader then taken in. This model of reading has almost always been under attack as being insufficient and defective for the main reason that it relies on the formal features of the language, mainly words. The Cognitive view The ‘top-down’ model is in direct opposition to the ‘ bottom-up’ model. According to Nunan, et. al (2005), the psycholinguistic model of reading and the top-down model are in exact concordance. From the study of Goodman (1966) as cited by Paran, (2002) presented reading as a psycholinguistic guessing game, a process in which readers sample the text, make hypotheses, confirm or reject them, make new hypotheses, and so forth. Here, the reader rather than the text is at the heart of the reading process and structure. The Metacognitive view involves thinking about what one is doing while reading. Klein et al. (2004) stated that strategic readers attempt the following while reading: Identifying the purpose of the reading before reading Identifying the form or type of the text before reading thinking about the general character and features of the form or type of the text. For instance, they try to locate a topic sentence and follow supporting details toward a conclusion. The Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework of this study is shown in the research paradigm which illustrates the relationship between the respondents’ remedial reading effects and related factors (independent variables) and the learners’ academic performance in English (dependent variables) RESEARCH PARADIGM Independent VariablesDependent Variables 1. Respondents’ Related Factors Age Gender Parent’s educational attainment Availability of reading materials at home 2. Remedial reading related variables 2. 1 Student related factors: Physiological Intellectual Psychological Linguistic Sociological 2. 2 Teacher related factors Competency Instructional materials Evaluation techniques 3. Reading Level Independent Instructional Frustration Figure 1 Shows the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Frame 1 consists of the independent variables namely; profile of the respondents, remedial reading related variable; student related, teachers related and impact of remedial reading. Frame 2 shows the dependent variable which is the learners academic performance in English. Statement of the Problem. This study dealt with the remedial reading and its effect on the academic performance of the Grade 7 learners in San Cristobal National High School, San Pablo City during the School Year 2013-2014. Specifically, this attempted to answer the following questions: 1. What are the respondents’ related factors in terms of : 1. 1 age 1. 2 gender 1. 3 parent’s educational attainment 1. 4 availability of reading materials at home 2. What is the perception of the respondents in the remedial reading related variables in terms of : 2. 1 student factors Physiological Intellectual Psychological Linguistic Sociological 2. 2 teacher factors. Competency Instructional materials Evaluation techniques 3. What is the reading level of the respondents as to: 3. 1 Independent 3. 2 Instructional 3. 3 Frustration 4. What is the academic performance of the respondents in English? 5. Is the academic performance in English of the respondents significantly related to the following: 5. 1 Respondents related factor 5. 2 Remedial reading related variables 5. 3 Reading level Research Hypothesis After a careful study, the following were considered as hypothesis. 1. The academic performance in English of the respondents is not significantly related to the following factors: 1. 1 Respondents’ related factors 1. 2 Remedial reading related variables 1. 3 Respondents’ reading level SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The result of this study had proven the importance to the following domain: The administrator may discover inventive designs in improving the academic performance of the students by advocating the importance of enhancing the student’s reading skills and ability. The teachers will determine the different factors that may affect the reading skills and ability of the Grade 7 learners and that they may use innovative strategies in teaching reading to improve their academic performance. The parents will realize the role and importance of parental assistance in motivating and developing the interest of the students in reading. The students will recognize the importance of reading as it is their basic tool for learning. Scope and Limitation of the Study This study focused on the remedial reading and its effect on the academic performance of Grade 7 learners in San Cristobal National High School, San Pablo City during the Academic Year 2013-2014. Eighty out of one hundred thirty learners were the respondents of this study. These eighty respondents were learners who fall under instructional and frustration level during the Secondary Reading Inventory Pre-test. This Definition of Terms For better and clearer understanding the following terms were defined operationally. Age. One of the variables under the respondents’ profile that refers to the chronological age of the grade 7 learners who are the subject of this study. Gender. Pertaining to the respondents gender as to male or female Parents’ educational attainment. The highest level of education obtained by the respondents’ parents. Availability of reading materials. The respondents’ available reading materials at home. Physiological factors. Refers to the respondents’ physical attributes and capability. Intellectual factors. The respondents’ ability to recognize, comprehend, interpret and analyze any printed word. Psychological factors. It is the respondents’ emotional readiness and stability. Linguistic factors. The respondents’ exposure in the use of language and the background they have obtained. Sociological factors. Refers to the respondents social well being/ behavior and eagerness to deal with the peer. Competency. Refers to the teacher’s competence in teaching reading, his skills and strategies, including his experience and professional growth. Instructional materials. The instructional tools used by the teacher in teaching reading. Evaluation techniques. Refers to the types of assessments used by the teacher in evaluating the students ability and performance. Independent. It is the respondents’ reading level where the reading comprehension falls under independent or 90-100% and the reading speed falls under fast. Instructional. The respondents’ reading level where the reading comprehension is instructional or75-89% and the reading speed is average. Frustration. The respondents’ reading level where the reading comprehension falls under frustration or below 75% and the reading speed is either average or slow. Introduction One of the most valuable skills a person can acquire is the ability to read well. It is difficult to discover any ability in the school, in the home, in business, or in any other field of endeavor today that does not require reading. People read to get information, to buy things wisely, for recreation, and for a great many other reasons. More reading is being done today than it ever was in the past. According to Smith (1988) reading is an important factor that greatly affects an individuals’ adjustment in life. It is a key to success in school, to the development of out-of school interests, to the enjoyment of leisure time and to the personal and social adjustment. It helps one to adjust to his/her age mates, to become independent from parents and teachers to select and prepare for an occupation and to achieve social responsibilities. Villamin (1999) considers reading as an essential key that unlocks the door to the world of enlightenment and enjoyment and the basic tool for learning in the content field. The absence of reading skill will greatly affect an individual’s adjustment in life. William Gray, known as the father of reading defines reading as a four- step process: perception of the word, comprehension of its meaning, reaction to the meaning in terms of prior knowledge and integration of idea into one’s background of experience. In every chosen field, the proficiency in reading is extremely important because it plays a vital role in achieving success. The ability to read well, leads many students to be competent and be more confident in meeting all the challenges in the field of studies. As defined in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning. It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, and attitude. It is one of the best ways of broadening one’s knowledge and expanding one’s horizon. The ability to read means the ability to comprehend any printed text. Reading skills and ability play a vital role in raising academic performance of every individual specifically the high school students. With the fast pace of life today and the great knowledge explosion, there is so much printed material around us that the ability to read rapidly has become a most important asset. Rapid reading habits enable a student to accomplish more in a comparatively shorter time, to finish the school requirements, and still have time for leisure or recreational reading. But in spite of the proliferation of different printed reading materials, it’s quite distressful to accept the fact that mostly of the students today are still experiencing difficulties in reading. This is evident in their academic performance in school. The development of varied printed materials cannot solely solve the upsetting problems in reading. Department of Education has been applying varied interventions and innovations to respond to these problems, many schools are using the DepEd programs about reading like the Phil-IRI for elementary and SRI for secondary; nevertheless non-readers in many public schools still cannot be eradicated. As a result, performance indicators of many schools are affected. The inability to read by these students may cause drop-outs or failure. A number of struggling readers have been increasing yearly, specifically in public schools. This present scenario is quite alarming thus reading interventions must be given immediate emphasis. One intervention that could be applicable for the existing problem is remedial reading. Reading remediation can be identified as a general process of re-teaching. It can be directed toward each child’s specific needs and inadequacies. Various remedial measures could be used by any educational institution to diagnose factors responsible for reading disabilities and to improve those who are poor or indifferent readers. Villamin enumerates the basic principles or remedial reading. They are as follows; treatment must be based on the understanding of the instructional needs, remedial instruction must be organized, reading process must be made meaningful to the learners, every child’s principle must be considered, reading activities must be encouraging, materials and activities must be suitable to the child’s reading ability. Such principles mentioned, once applied to actual remedial reading instruction might contribute a lot for the success of the program. Background of the Study One of the usual dilemmas of reading teachers in high school is the inability to read and comprehend by the students specifically the grade seven learners. In fact mostly of the public high school English teachers are experiencing this. Some of the learners had been promoted from elementary even they are not proficient in reading and comprehending as well. Same situation is happening in San Cristobal National High School, a school that is located in the remote barrio in San Pablo City. A school that lies beneath the mountains of Mt. Cristobal and Mt. Banahaw where the usual residents’ source of living are farming and hog raising. Due to the barrio’s distant from the city, the former Brgy. Chairman, Gabriel Enabore together with the Brgy. Council prepared an ordinance of establishing a Baragay High School, presented it to the City Mayor for approval and endorsed to the Ministry of Education. Upon approval of the city government through the Ministry of Education, the Barangay High School was established immediately to respond to the immediate needs of the residents in the area. However there were no enough budgets for the purchase of lot and for the construction of the high school building as a result, the high school students were temporarily housed to the elementary school. Mr. Venus Avanzado, a former part-time CAT instructor of the school that time, donated a parcel of his land to be utilized in putting up the high school building. Almost all the parents of the high school students are grateful due to the establishment of the said school; nevertheless, since most of them are not well educated, they are not aware of monitoring the status of their children in school. After 18 years of teaching fourth year students in San Cristobal National High School, the researcher was designated to attend the K-12 training and was also assigned to teach the Grade 7 formerly first year high school students. During the first year of teaching in grade 7, the researcher became quite alarmed of the up growing number of students having difficulty in reading. The former freshman teachers in fact admitted that mostly of the freshmen students can read but without comprehension. These students cannot read within, between and beyond the lines, in short they are considered as struggling readers. As shown in the Secondary Reading Inventory Test (SRI) records, the researcher noted that a number of first year high school students fall under frustration level. For this reason the academic performance of these students declined as proven in the NAT result record. Aside from the NAT records, the academic performance of a number of students in every grading period in English is not increasing due to their difficulties in reading and comprehending as well. This current scenario prompted the researcher to conduct a study to address the needs of the students and the school as well. In the light of these observations, it is out timely to conduct this study to find out some possible variables about remedial reading and its affect on the academic performance of the Grade 7 learners in San Cristobal National High school, San Pablo city for the school year 2013-2014. Theoretical Framework Murray’s Interactive Theory cited by Tejero (2010) postulates that reading is an interaction involving the reader and the text being read. Meaning it is not only in the mind of the person during the reading act nor is it only in the text being read. It is instead the interaction between the text read and the reader’s various sources that determine the amount and type of comprehension that take place. Reading models have been conceptualized in the following; bottom-up, top-down and interactive models. For Gough’s bottom-up model mentioned by Tejero (2010) his essential element is the text rather than what the reader brings to the text. Goodman’s (1985) top-down model cited also by Tejero (2010) focuses attention on the reader. Thus the reader brings information based on past experience. On the other hand, Rumelhart (1985) also cited by Tejero (2010) postulates interactive model which is the combination of bottom-up and top-down views of reading. For him a reader may be top-down if he is reading familiar material and bottom- up when reading unfamiliar information. Other related theories of reading are; The Traditional view, the Cognitive view, the Metacognitive view. In the traditional view of reading, novice readers acquire a set of hierarchically ordered sub-skills that sequentially build toward comprehension ability. McCarthy (2004) has called this view ‘outside-in’ processing; referring to the idea that meaning exists in the printed page and is interpreted by the reader then taken in. This model of reading has almost always been under  attack as being insufficient and defective for the main reason that it relies on the formal features of the language, mainly words. The Cognitive view The ‘top-down’ model is in direct opposition to the ‘ bottom-up’ model. According to Nunan, et. al (2005), the psycholinguistic model of reading and the top-down model are in exact concordance. From the study of Goodman (1966) as cited by Paran, (2002) presented reading as a psycholinguistic guessing game, a process in which readers sample the text, make hypotheses, confirm or reject them, make new hypotheses, and so forth. Here, the reader rather than the text is at the heart of the reading process and structure. The Metacognitive view involves thinking about what one is doing while reading. Klein et al. (2004) stated that strategic readers attempt the following while reading: Identifying the purpose of the reading before reading Identifying the form or type of the text before reading thinking about the general character and features of the form or type of the text. For instance, they try to locate a topic sentence and follow supporting details toward a conclusion. The Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework of this study is shown in the research paradigm which illustrates the relationship between the respondents’ remedial reading effects and related factors (independent variables) and the learners’ academic performance in English (dependent variables) RESEARCH PARADIGM Independent VariablesDependent Variables 1. Respondents’ Related Factors Age Gender Parent’s educational attainment Availability of reading materials at home 2. Remedial reading related variables 2. 1 Student related factors: Physiological. Intellectual Psychological Linguistic Sociological 2. 2 Teacher related factors Competency Instructional materials Evaluation techniques 3. Reading Level Independent Instructional Frustration Figure 1 Shows the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Frame 1 consists of the independent variables namely; profile of the respondents, remedial reading related variable; student related, teachers related and impact of remedial reading. Frame 2 shows the dependent variable which is the learners academic performance in English. Statement of the Problem This study dealt with the remedial reading and its effect on the academic performance of the Grade 7 learners in San Cristobal National High School, San Pablo City during the School Year 2013-2014. Specifically, this attempted to answer the following questions: 1. What are the respondents’ related factors in terms of : 1. 1 age 1. 2 gender 1. 3 parent’s educational attainment 1. 4 availability of reading materials at home 2. What is the perception of the respondents in the remedial reading related variables in terms of : 2. 1 student factors Physiological Intellectual Psychological Linguistic Sociological 2. 2 teacher factors Competency Instructional materials Evaluation techniques 3. What is the reading level of the respondents as to: 3. 1 Independent 3. 2 Instructional 3. 3 Frustration 4. What is the academic performance of the respondents in English? 5. Is the academic performance in English of the respondents significantly related to the following: 5. 1 Respondents related factor 5. 2 Remedial reading related variables 5. 3 Reading level Research Hypothesis. After a careful study, the following were considered as hypothesis. 1. The academic performance in English of the respondents is not significantly related to the following factors: 1. 1 Respondents’ related factors 1. 2 Remedial reading related variables 1. 3 Respondents’ reading level SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The result of this study had proven the importance to the following domain: The administrator may discover inventive designs in improving the academic performance of the students by advocating the importance of enhancing the student’s reading skills and ability. The teachers will determine the different factors that may affect the reading skills and ability of the Grade 7 learners and that they may use innovative strategies in teaching reading to improve their academic performance. The parents will realize the role and importance of parental assistance in motivating and developing the interest of the students in reading. The students will recognize the importance of reading as it is their basic tool for learning. Scope and Limitation of the Study. This study focused on the remedial reading and its effect on the academic performance of Grade 7 learners in San Cristobal National High School, San Pablo City during the Academic Year 2013-2014. Eighty out of one hundred thirty learners were the respondents of this study. These eighty respondents were learners who fall under instructional and frustration level during the Secondary Reading Inventory Pre-test. This Definition of Terms For better and clearer understanding the following terms were defined operationally. Age. One of the variables under the respondents’ profile that refers to the chronological age of the grade 7 learners who are the subject of this study. Gender. Pertaining to the respondents gender as to male or female Parents’ educational attainment. The highest level of education obtained by the respondents’ parents. Availability of reading materials. The respondents’ available reading materials at home. Physiological factors. Refers to the respondents’ physical attributes and capability. Intellectual factors. The respondents’ ability to recognize, comprehend, interpret and analyze any printed word. Psychological factors. It is the respondents’ emotional readiness and stability. Linguistic factors. The respondents’ exposure in the use of language and the background they have obtained. Sociological factors. Refers to the respondents social well being/ behavior and eagerness to deal with the peer. Competency. Refers to the teacher’s competence in teaching reading, his skills and strategies, including his experience and professional growth. Instructional materials. The instructional tools used by the teacher in teaching reading. Evaluation techniques. Refers to the types of assessments used by the teacher in evaluating the students ability and performance. Independent. It is the respondents’ reading level where the reading comprehension falls under independent or 90-100% and the reading speed falls under fast. Instructional. The respondents’ reading level where the reading comprehension is instructional or75-89% and the reading speed is average. Frustration. The respondents’ reading level where the reading comprehension falls under frustration or below 75% and the reading speed is either average or slow.

Funny Quotes About Men

Funny Quotes About Men If youre in a relationship, have been in a relationship but arent any more or hope someday to be in one, this list is for you. Men have their share of quirks and idiosyncrasies; which generally befuddle women. But only a man can understand what goes on in the mind of a man. Here are some rib-tickling funny quotes about men from the inimitable Mae West and Oscar Wilde and a few others. Oscar Wilde How can a woman be expected to be happy with a man who insists on treating her as if she were a perfectly normal human being? Young men want to be faithful, and are not; old men want to be faithless, and cannot. Between men and  women,  there is no friendship possible. There is passion, enmity, worship, love, but no friendship. Women are never disarmed by compliments; men always are. Elayne Boosler When women are depressed, they eat or go shopping. Men invade another country. Its a whole different way of thinking. Mae West Men are all alike except the one youve met whos different. Men are easy to get but hard to keep. Its not the men in my life, its the life in my men. Give a man a free hand and hell run it all over you. Every man I meet wants to protect me. I cant figure out what from. All discarded lovers should be given a second chance, but with somebody else. William Shakespeare Well, I will find you 20 lascivious turtles ere one chaste man. Sigh no more, ladies, sigh no more, Men were deceivers ever, One foot in sea and one on shore, To one thing constant never. Mignon McLaughlin Few women care what a man looks like, and a good thing too. Bruce Willis On the one hand, well never experience childbirth. On the other hand, we can open all our own jars. Jeanne-Marie Roland The more I see of men, the more I admire dogs. Will Rogers Every time a woman leaves off something she looks better, but every time a man leaves off something he looks worse. Oliver Wendell Holmes Man has will, but woman has her way. Benjamin Frankin If Jacks in love, hes no judge of Jills beauty. Lucille Ball A man who correctly guesses a womans age may be smart, but hes not very bright. Martha Gellhorn I know enough to know that no woman should ever marry a man who hated his mother.

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Impacted Slavery

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Impacted Slavery The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was a very early federal law passed by Congress in the era of the Articles of Confederation. Its main purpose was to create a legal structure for the settlement of land in five present day states: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. In addition, a major provision of the law prohibited slavery north of the Ohio River. Key Takeaways: Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Ratified by Congress July 13, 1787.Prohibited slavery in territories north of the Ohio River. It was the first federal law to address the issue.Created a three-step process for new territories to become states, which established important precedents for the incorporation of new states through the 19th and 20th centuries. Significance of the Northwest Ordinance The Northwest Ordinance, ratified by Congress on July 13, 1787, was the first law to create a structure by which new territories could follow a three-step legal path to become a state equal to the original 13 states, and was the first substantial action by Congress to deal with the issue of slavery. In addition, the law contained a version of a Bill of Rights, which set out individual rights in the new territories. The Bill of Rights, which was later added to the U.S. Constitution, contained some of those same rights. The Northwest Ordinance was written, debated, and passed in New York City during the same summer that the U.S. Constitution was being debated at a convention in Philadelphia. Decades later, Abraham Lincoln prominently cited the law in an important anti-slavery speech in February 1860, which made him a credible presidential contender. As Lincoln noted, the law was proof that some of the nations founders accepted that the federal government could play a role in regulating slavery. Necessity of the Northwest Ordinance When the United States emerged as an independent nation, it immediately faced a crisis about how to handle the large tracts of lands to the west of the 13 states. This area, known as the Old Northwest, came into American possession at the end of the Revolutionary War. Some states claimed ownership of western lands. Other states which asserted no such claim argued that the western land rightfully belonged to the federal government, and should be sold to private land developers. States gave up their western claims, and a law passed by Congress, the Land Ordinance of 1785, established an orderly system of surveying and selling western lands. That system created orderly grids of townships designed to avoid the chaotic land grabs which had occurred in the territory of Kentucky. (That system of surveying is still evident today; airplane passengers can clearly see the orderly fields laid out in Midwestern states such as Indiana or Illinois.) The problem with western lands was not entirely solved, however. Squatters who refused to wait for an orderly settlement began to enter western lands, and were chased off at times by federal troops. Wealthy land speculators, who wielded influence with Congress, sought a stronger law. Other factors, especially anti-slavery sentiment in the northern states, also came into play. Key Players As Congress struggled to deal with the problem of land settlement, it was approached by Manasseh Cutler, a scholarly resident of Connecticut who had become a partner in a land company, the Ohio Company of Associates. Cutler suggested some of the provisions which became part of the Northwest Ordinance, in particular the prohibition of slavery north of the Ohio River. The official author of the Northwest Ordinance is generally considered to be Rufus King, a member of Congress from Massachusetts as well as a member of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787. An influential member of Congress from Virginia, Richard Henry Lee, agreed with the Northwest Ordinance because he felt it protected property rights (meaning it didnt interfere with slavery in the South). Path to Statehood In practice, the Northwest Ordinance created a three-step process for a territory to become a state of the Union. The first step was that the president would appoint a governor, a secretary, and three judges to administer the territory. In the second step, when the territory reached a population of 5,000 free white adult males, it could elect a legislature. In the third step, when the territory reached a population of 60,000 free white residents, it could write a state constitution and, with congressional approval, it could become a state. The provisions in the Northwest Ordinance created important precedents by which other territories would become states in the 19th and 20th centuries. Lincoln's Invocation of the Northwest Ordinance In February 1860, Abraham Lincoln, who was not widely known in the East, traveled to New York City and spoke at Cooper Union. In his speech he argued that the federal government had a role to play in regulating slavery, and had, indeed, always played such a role. Lincoln noted that of the 39 men who gathered to vote on the Constitution in the summer of 1787, four also served in Congress. Of those four, three voted in favor of the Northwest Ordinance, which, of course, contained the section prohibiting slavery north of the Ohio River. He further noted that in 1789, during the first Congress to assemble following the ratification of the Constitution, a law was passed to enforce the provisions of the ordinance, including the prohibition of slavery in the territory. That law passed through Congress without objection, and was signed into law by President George Washington. Lincolns reliance on the Northwest Ordinance was significant. At the time, there were fierce debates over slavery splitting the nation. And pro-slavery politicians often claimed that the federal government should have no role in regulating slavery. Yet Lincoln had deftly demonstrated that some of the same people who had written the Constitution, including even the nations first president, clearly saw a role for the federal government in regulating slavery. Sources: Northwest Ordinance. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk, Gale, 1999. Research in Context.Congress, U.S. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787. The Constitution and Supreme Court, Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Research in Context.LEVY, LEONARD W. Northwest Ordinance (1787). Encyclopedia of the American Constitution, edited by Leonard W. Levy and Kenneth L. Karst, 2nd ed., vol. 4, Macmillan Reference USA, 2000, p. 1829. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Drama in the Little City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drama in the Little City - Essay Example The card was almost maxed out and every time the interest rolled over, it added an extra $50 to the account balance. Chase and Tara were going to be parents soon. Tara was almost 9 months pregnant with their first child. Chase just wanted the pregnancy to go smoothly and for the baby to be healthy. Chase was worried because he himself had been born with a congenital heart defect. His Dad was currently dealing with CHF (chronic heart failure). One of the ventricles in his Dad’s heart pumped much weaker than the other, thus causing the problem. Chase was also preoccupied with the other things that were on his mind. He was wondering why he had all these financial difficulties. He worried that he and Tara might have to move into the basement of her parents’ house while their financial troubles subsided. Chase was working full-time as a history teacher at the local high school. Tara worked from home as a romance novelist. She really had a flair for it, too. But her advances on her books were getting smaller and smaller these days; a thousand here and a thousand there. But the bills kept piling up and it seemed like their incomes were getting smaller and smaller as well. Anyway, the money she brought in was minimal compared to what Chase was making at his full-time job—but still, Tara contributed to the household’s overall income so he considered that a bonus. Chase worried excessively about his job security in this bad economy. All of a sudden, the car swerved. The roads were icy this time of year, and Chase hadn’t put the chains on the tires yet since it was not technically â€Å"winter† in Colorado. In addition to this, it was imperative that Chase kept the SUV from turning over while it was spinning out. Luckily there were no other cars or trucks on the road at the time. Chase thought about Tara, the baby—his life flashed before his eyes. He was cursing himself mentally for not having put the chains on the tires now. Anyway, there was no damage to the car, and Chase hadn’t been injured—but the car was slightly in the ditch. By the time the police and the yellow angel tow truck had gotten there to the scene, Chase was a little shaken up. Unfortunately, the police couldn’t do much more at this point, but the police encouraged him to go to the hospital to get checked out just to make sure he was okay. He thought it was a lot of fuss, but he decided in the interest o f safety just to do what they said anyway. By the time he had driven himself to the hospital, at that point, the hospital staff took over. He thought they were all very nice but were perhaps being a little too overzealous. There was one nurse, in particular, Mary G., who insistently kept checking up on Chase in the waiting room. What was disturbing was that the hospital staff wanted Chase to have an MRI, even though this had been a relatively minor accident. â€Å"Excuse me†¦.is this Tara?† â€Å"Yes, I’m Tara Moss†¦Who’s calling, please?† â€Å"Mary Giacomo from Little Company of Our Sister of the Sacred Heart Hospital. It is about your husband.† â€Å"Oh my God, what happened? Is he alright?† â€Å"We’re running some tests now, but he basically walked away with barely a scratch. He seems just fine. His SUV just spun out and got into the ditch a little bit on the highway.† The nurse, Mary G., decided to take it upon herself to call Tara. Mrs. Moss got on the telephone with the nurse and mentioned that her water had just broken.